ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
1. The present report is submitted to the Security Council pursuant to
paragraph 7 of its resolution 1143 (1997) of 4 December 1997. In paragraph 6 of
the resolution, the Council welcomed my intention as stated in my last report
(S/1997/935, para. 90) to submit a supplementary report, and expressed its
willingness, in the light of my recommendations, to find ways of improving the
implementation of the humanitarian programme for Iraq and to take such action
over additional resources as needed to meet the priority humanitarian
requirements of the Iraqi people, as well as to consider an extension of the
time-frame for the implementation of the resolution.
2. I informed the Council in my last report (ibid. 88 and 89) that, in order
to assist the Council, I had directed the Office of the Iraq Programme, taking
into full account the relevant resolutions of the Council and the memorandum of
understanding, to review with the assistance of all concerned the priority
requirements in all relevant sectors, with particular emphasis on enhancing the
efficiency and adequacy of the distribution plan. In view of the urgent need to
undertake a systematic review of the whole process of contracting, processing of
applications and their approval, procurement and shipment and distribution of
the items concerned, the Office of the Iraq Programme was also directed to
formulate recommendations that identify and address concerns over processing and
supply issues, in particular to devise a system that ensured that interrelated
applications were clearly identified as such and brought to the attention of the
Security Council Committee established by resolution 661 (1990) of
6 August 1990. I welcome the fact that the Council, in paragraph 9 of
resolution 1143 (1997), requested the Committee to continue, in close
coordination with the Secretary-General, to refine and clarify working
procedures in order to expedite the approval process and to report to the
Council no later than 30 January 1998.
3. The Office of the Iraq Programme prepared detailed terms of reference and
carried out the process and programme reviews requested with the full
participation of all the concerned agencies and programmes of the United Nations
system, the United Nations Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq, which
acted as the focal point for coordinating the reviews in Iraq, and the
multidisciplinary observation unit in Iraq. The Government of Iraq was provided
with a copy of the terms of reference for both reviews and was also requested to
assist in and contribute to both reviews.
4. In carrying out the process review, the Office of the Iraq Programme took
into account all views expressed or submitted in written form by members of the
Security Council and its Committee, the Government of Iraq and other Member
States, as well as the concerned agencies and programmes of the United Nations
system. While the Government of Iraq brought to my attention as well as to the
Secretariat its views and concerns regarding the procedures and practices of the
Security Council Committee, it has not provided its formal response to the
outcome of the programme review. Although a number of meetings were held in
Baghdad between United Nations personnel and their respective technical
counterparts in Iraq, the Government of Iraq stated that it was prepared to
supply only information concerning the implementation of the memorandum of
understanding. The Government also stated that it had "neither proposed nor
discussed any new financial ceiling for the memorandum of understanding, since
it was the Government's understanding that the memorandum of understanding was a
temporary and exceptional measure to alleviate the suffering of the people of
Iraq caused by the sanctions imposed on the country". Iraq's most pressing
demand was "that paragraph 22 of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) should
be implemented, since the essential requirements set forth in section C of that
resolution have been met".
5. The Government of Iraq further stated that ration cards were the
responsibility of the Government. While it had no objection to considering
alternative points of view put forward by the United Nations agencies and
programmes with regard to the nutritional value of items on the ration cards,
the Government did not consider it appropriate to discuss them before it knew
what increases in supplies would be available under the memorandum of
understanding. The Government also stated that "the consideration of any
strategy for allocations to the sectors involved [in the distribution plan,] or
any additional sectors, will fall within the jurisdiction of the Government of
Iraq". While the Government would "benefit from the observations, suggestions
and studies" of the United Nations agencies and programmes, the final decision
rested with the Government and depended on the increased supplies available
under the memorandum of understanding.
6. Accordingly, the programme review was carried out without inputs formally
provided by the Government of Iraq. Further, reliable statistical data on the
current domestic production of foodstuff could not be established. However, it
is estimated that it would be substantially below the level of production prior
to 1991. Should the Council approve additional funding, all the recommendations
regarding additional inputs would require detailed discussions with the
Government of Iraq and local authority counterparts in order to clarify
outstanding issues and to establish a clear agreement on priorities. Following
this, the Government should present detailed project proposals in line with the
approach and format of the proposals to be made available to the Council.
7. I should like to reiterate, as I have stated in my previous reports to the
Council, the exceptional and unprecedented complexity of the humanitarian
programme being carried out pursuant to Council resolution 986 (1995) of
14 April 1995 and that it should not, therefore, be confused with a development
programme and the requirements of such a programme. It is a unique programme,
established by the Council as a temporary measure to provide for the
humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, which is being implemented within the
context of a sanctions regime with all its attendant political, psychological
and commercial dimensions, until the fulfilment by Iraq of the relevant
resolutions, including notably resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.
8. The whole process of contracting, processing of applications, approval by
the Security Council Committee, procurement and shipment, as well as the timely
distribution of humanitarian supplies within Iraq, constitutes a complex,
interdependent and highly time-sensitive chain of activities involving the
Security Council Committee, the Government of Iraq and other Member States, the
United Nations Secretariat and the agencies and programmes concerned, as well as
private firms and financial institutions. In a programme of such unprecedented
complexity, which is being implemented within the context of a sanctions regime,
it is essential to ensure close cooperation among all concerned and coordination
of the whole process in order to achieve as expeditiously as possible the
humanitarian objectives of Council resolution 986 (1995).
9. While many of the reasons for the initial slow arrival of humanitarian
supplies could be attributed to the start-up problems inherent in any programme
as large and complex as that for Iraq, a number of continuing causes of delay
have now been identified and should be addressed most urgently. Apart from the
improvements necessary to the distribution plan and its annexes, the causes for
delay that need to be addressed are mostly procedural and organizational, over
and above the issue of the availability of financial resources.
10. The distribution plan and its annexes remain central to the entire process
of delivering timely humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people. There are two
main areas for improvement with respect to the annexes of the distribution plan:
timing and formatting. Firstly, with regard to the timing, there has been a
pause between the extension by the Security Council of the time-frame for the
implementation of the relevant paragraphs of resolution 986 (1995) and the
submission of the distribution plan for approval, which affects adversely the
pace of the implementation of the programme. Secondly, the contents and the
formatting of the plan and its annexes should be significantly improved (see
paras. 49-51 below). I believe that applications could be presented to the
Security Council Committee in the order of their relative priority rather than
the current practice of "first come, first served". Such an improvement would
bring an overall focus and strategy to the procurement of humanitarian supplies.
11. While the executive summary of the distribution plan discusses the
situation in Iraq and the annexes provide a comprehensive list of the items to
be procured, the distribution plan does not address such fundamental questions
as the objectives to be achieved, the target dates or those responsible for
undertaking the activities concerned. The inclusion of the above additional
information in the distribution plan would enable the Security Council Committee
to review in particular the annexes to the distribution plan at the outset. Any
exceptions that might be stipulated by members of the Security Council Committee
could thus be addressed at an early stage in the process, before the commodity
concerned became time-critical.
12. In view of the considerable duplication between the successive distribution
plans under phases I to III, a single, ongoing distribution plan, kept under
constant review and amended as necessary would expedite the whole process, from
contracting to distribution of the humanitarian supplies.
13. In addition to the improvements recommended for the formulation of the
distribution plan and its annexes, additional measures must be taken in order to
accelerate the entire process, in particular by eliminating a number of
bottlenecks. This can best be achieved by a combination of advanced planning as
early as possible, anticipation of problem areas and proposed solutions to them,
improved coordination among all concerned, coupled with improved procedures,
including those of the Security Council Committee, and, if necessary, enhanced
resources.
14. The establishment of the Office of the Iraq Programme, effective
15 October 1997, to consolidate and manage the activities of the Secretariat
pursuant to Security Council resolutions 661 (1990) and 986 (1995) and
subsequent resolutions, has already brought about improved management,
coordination and an overall direction to the activities undertaken by the United
Nations system pursuant to the relevant resolutions of the Council, though it is
recognized that further improvements are required. In the light of the findings
of the process review, I have already taken a number of decisions within my
purview regarding the timely processing and handling of applications, as well as
related matters that require action by the Secretariat, the details of which are
provided in section IV of the present report.
15. Through these actions, coupled with the decisions that may be taken by the
Security Council Committee as a result of its own review of its procedures and
working methods being carried out pursuant to paragraph 9 of resolution
1143 (1997), I believe that the process of approvals of applications and
delivery of humanitarian supplies to the people of Iraq can be handled more
expeditiously.
16. All procedures and activities regarding the implementation of the programme
should be under constant review in order to resolve any difficulties faced in
the implementation process. After the consideration by the Council of the
present report, the process review team of the Office of the Iraq Programme will
visit Iraq to review further with the Government of Iraq and the United Nations
Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq, as well as with the agencies and
programmes concerned, inter alia, the effectiveness of the entire logistic
support chain, with special emphasis given to food and medical supplies.
17. Concerns expressed regarding the difficulties experienced under the current
banking arrangements are being addressed by the United Nations Treasurer in
consultation with all concerned. Procurement by the Government of Iraq has also
been affected adversely owing to the slowness of the current procedure, under
which the 53 per cent account is currently being compensated by the 13 per cent
account for bulk purchases of food and medicine by the Government for the
governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah in the north. Efforts are under
way to review current procedures to ensure a more expeditious manner of
reimbursement to the 53 per cent account.
18. We are at present implementing all three phases of the programme
concurrently. This has increased significantly the workload for the United
Nations system and has thus extended activities well beyond what was originally
expected to be financed by the 2.2 per cent account under different phases.
Accordingly, there is a need, inter alia, to prepare a plan and to identify the
resources that will be required to complete the activities whose implementation
will extend beyond the duration of the programme itself.
19. A serious difficulty faced by the Secretariat as well as the agencies and
programmes concerned is the unacceptable rate of turnover of personnel. We are
also encountering severe difficulties in attracting as well as retaining
experienced and qualified personnel. Undoubtedly, part of the problem is the
short term of appointments offered owing to the duration of the mandate, as well
as the relatively difficult conditions under which staff must serve in Iraq.
The Office of the Iraq Programme, in consultation with all concerned, is
exploring various alternatives in order to resolve the difficulties experienced.
20. With respect to the approval process by the Security Council Committee, the
period covered by the second distribution plan has been more productive than the
first phase. Despite this improvement, however, the rate of approval in the
second half of Phase II began to fall short of available revenues, possibly
because the Committee, having approved the initial large-dollar-volume food and
medicine contracts, was then faced with a heavier workload of smaller-dollar-value and more "sensitive" items. Procedural adjustments in the approval
process may therefore be required.
21. The timely and predictable availability of revenues is central to the
overall process of delivering the maximum allowable quantity of humanitarian
supplies, as quickly as possible, to the people of Iraq. An agreement to have a
single, ongoing distribution plan would also help to ensure that there is no
disruption in oil sales. The process review demonstrated that the decision of
the Government of Iraq to forego oil sales during the first half of the second
phase had an overall impact in the slow pace of contracting, approvals and
deliveries well in excess of all other causes of delay, including the
consideration and approval of contracts by the Security Council Committee.
22. The approach of the programme review was determined by two principal
considerations. Firstly, in keeping with the nature of the programme, the
review sought to identify a range of measures that would provide complementary
inputs to those provided in distribution plans I to III. With the exception of
the food sector, where the proposed enhanced food basket is intended to replace
that approved under distribution plan III, the projects proposed are to meet
humanitarian requirements that hitherto have at best been addressed only
partially and in many cases are being addressed for the first time. Secondly,
there are several recommended projects that are specifically intended to ensure
the efficient handling, distribution and utilization of commodities provided
under Security Council resolution 986 (1995). It may be recalled that in my
previous report I had referred to the need to review the operating difficulties
of the distribution systems, in particular those related to the food and health
sectors, and the extent to which the deterioration of basic infrastructure in
other sectors is undermining the value of humanitarian inputs.
23. The programme review adopted a "bottom-up" approach based on interlinked
projects, in contrast to the "top-down" general allocations by sector in
successive distribution plans. The latter approach identified levels of
resources, which then determined procurement for the programme. Although United
Nations observers report the proper utilization of most inputs, they have noted
that in many sectors the underlying procurement framework of the distribution
plans has not fostered an approach where humanitarian problems have been
addressed by a corresponding project to target appropriate resources. Moreover,
because the scale of requirements far outweighed the resources used to address
them, deficiencies were tackled in a piecemeal fashion.
24. The review has attempted to improve the allocation of resources to
identified requirements in two ways. It has recommended a project and activity-oriented strategy in response to identified needs. Detailed, interlinked
proposals with estimated costs have been grouped together in annex II to the
present report. These proposals are intended to indicate to the Council the
magnitude of the requirements and a minimum level of financial resources to
address the needs in an effective, targeted manner.
25. The type of infrastructure rehabilitation envisaged will necessarily entail
a degree of local expenditure in terms of raw materials, labour, maintenance,
training and installation costs. The United Nations expects that, as with those
rehabilitation projects undertaken to date under the distribution plans,
associated costs will be borne by the Government of Iraq. Nevertheless, the
programme review results recommended a significantly greater scale of
rehabilitation than undertaken under distribution plans I to III and the
associated costs will consequently also be on a greater scale. During the
review it became apparent that unless implementation costs were guaranteed at
the outset, the pace at which projects could be implemented would be greatly
slowed and, in some cases, projects might prove impossible to undertake at all.
In the event that the requisite resources needed by individual Iraqi ministries
are not forthcoming in a timely or sufficient manner, the United Nations may
have to seek the agreement of the Government of Iraq for the utilization of
funds from the 53 per cent account by United Nations agencies and programmes in
order to facilitate the timely and efficient use of inputs under this programme.
If this proves possible, it should be understood by all parties concerned that
any funds allocated in this manner will be used exclusively by United Nations
agencies and programmes for the purpose of providing inputs and services. All
necessary safeguards will be put in place to ensure that such measures will be
handled with full transparency and accountability, both to the Government of
Iraq and to the Security Council Committee. With regard to the provision of
international expertise needed in such projects, associated costs should be
borne through contractual arrangements under the 53 per cent account. All
provisional estimates for complementary implementation costs should be subject
to technical review by the Government of Iraq, in conjunction with relevant
agencies and programmes of the United Nations.
26. In the course of the electricity sector programme review, it became
increasingly clear that the scale of the problems, and the resources required to
address them, were completely different from those which affect other sectors.
Provisional estimates considered during the programme review indicated that some
$870 million would be required to address immediate rehabilitation and
maintenance needs for the electricity infrastructure (generation, transmission
and distribution) and the total value of all projects necessary to address the
sector's operating problems amounted to over $7 billion. The implementation
time of many requirements extends to two years or more. Clearly, the magnitude
of such requirements places them outside the framework of Security Council
resolution 986 (1995). Nevertheless, electricity was defined as an appropriate
area of assistance in the memorandum of understanding and there is a clear
humanitarian justification. In certain cases, the provision of emergency
generators to particular facilities is the most appropriate and immediate remedy
to the lack of a guaranteed power supply.
27. However, I wish to bring to the Council's attention the severity of the
problems afflicting the sector as a whole. At present, the maximum power-generation capacity is about 40 per cent of the original installed capacity.
Load-shedding schemes have been introduced throughout the country. Because it
has been necessary to operate many generating units under conditions for which
they were not designed, without the recommended protection devices and safety
controls, generating units have been placed at risk of sudden and total failure.
Similarly, distribution systems are deteriorating. In the northern governorates
of Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah some 1,000 transformers are failing per month.
The present level of funding cannot reduce this failure rate, much less replace
the transformers that have already failed. Electricity supply to communities is
in a dangerous state, leading to injuries and deaths. Under present conditions,
the rate of deterioration will continue to increase and, with it, the threat of
a complete breakdown of the network. The humanitarian consequences of such a
development could potentially dwarf all other difficulties endured by the Iraqi
people.
28. As a result, with the three exceptions to be implemented in the
governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, all proposed electricity projects
have been grouped separately and will be made available to the Council in an
informal paper. With regard to the governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and
Sulaymaniyah, the programme review has concluded that the procurement-driven
approach of local authorities under distribution plans I to III needs to be
replaced by a broader and technically sound management strategy. A professional
evaluation is urgently needed to assess accurately the condition of the
networks, with particular emphasis on safety and security, and to develop
implementation strategies that fully take into account the shortages of skills
in the sector. With regard to the electricity proposals for the 15 central and
southern governorates, United Nations experts are of the opinion that the
recommendations are realistically costed and that the projects envisaged are
necessary. When sufficient data are provided, they will be able to evaluate
individual proposals and their relative priority.
and southern Iraq
Food/nutrition
29. As indicated in my last report (S/1997/935), the nutritional security of
the Iraqi people has remained unsatisfactory, notwithstanding the implementation
of resolution 986 (1995). Surveys by United Nations agencies and programmes
continue to show that the nutritional situation of the Iraqi population is below
internationally accepted standards. Of particular concern is the prevalence of
acute malnutrition in children under five years of age. The programme review
has further highlighted the complexity of the issue with regard to the most
appropriate balance between food rations, special feeding programmes and
enhanced food production. It has also re-emphasized that genuine nutritional
security cannot depend on food alone, but, inter alia, is affected by the
prevalence and extent of coexisting disease, the deterioration in water and
sanitation infrastructure, dilapidated health facilities and reduced
agricultural production.
30. The recommendations stemming from the programme review seek to strike a
balance between an enhanced food basket, enhanced support for food production in
order to provide access to a greater intake of animal protein outside the ration
system and, very importantly, the need to meet the emergency requirements of the
severely malnourished through targeted supplementary and therapeutic feeding
programmes. In so doing, the review has attempted to recommend the most
effective use of the additional resources requested.
31. The current food basket provides 2,030 kilo-calories per person per day,
and 47 grams per person per day of vegetable protein. Because of delays in
arrival, the full basket could only be distributed on time in August 1997 and
the actual nutritional benefit has thus been less than intended. Further
consideration of the nutritional requirements of the Iraqi population by United
Nations nutritional experts has concluded that the target level was too low to
provide the requisite nutritional security. Therefore, the nutritional target
value of the basket should be increased to 2,463 kilo-calories per person per
day and 63.6 grams of protein per person per day. This would represent a
21 per cent increase in energy and a 35 per cent increase in proteins, including
animal protein for the first time in the implementation of resolution
986 (1995). This could be achieved through the addition to the enhanced basket
of suitable items such as cheese and full-cream powdered milk for adults, as
well as additional quantities of rice, pulses and vegetable oil or other
products providing high-quality protein, calcium, thiamine and vitamin C. For
adults, the addition of milk powder would provide protein and contribute to
meeting a proportion of daily calcium recommendations, currently lacking in the
basket. The World Food Programme (WFP) estimates that the importation and
distribution of these two items is viable within two to three months. Despite
the serious reservations of United Nations agencies and programmes about the
provision of infant milk in the ration basket, the Government of Iraq has
indicated in informal exchanges that it will not accept the removal of infant
milk from the basket. The enhanced basket therefore retains infant formula, but
adds fortified weaning cereal to complement nutritional intake after six months.
It should be noted that items containing higher-quality animal proteins are
considerably more expensive than lower-quality products. Whereas the current
food basket represents a per capita expenditure of $37 per person, the enhanced
basket considered would represent a per capita expenditure of $60 over a six-month period. However, it must be stressed that the exact composition of the
proposed basket is provisional; while the inclusion of such items as cheese and
milk powder for adults will help towards achieving the identified nutritional
target, other options are still being considered as cost-effective alternatives
and would require the Government's approval.
32. It should be pointed out that the financial allocations proposed would not
be entirely sufficient to meet the nutritional target mentioned above. It is
expected, however, that the additional caloric and protein requirements can be
met from resources outside the framework of resolution 986 (1995), including
local production. In this context, it may be noted that the assessment mission
to Iraq carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) and WFP, in June/July 1997, stated that:
"Up to 1990, domestic food production accounted for only one third of total
utilization, even in exceptionally good years, with the balance covered by
imports. During this time, the estimated cost of food imports averaged
around $2 billion per year, though in poor production years the import bill
could rise to $3 billion. Since the oil embargo in August 1990, up to the
implementation of the oil-for-food deal in December 1996, the country had
to rely mainly on domestic production to meet food needs, as its capacity
to import food commercially remained heavily constrained by the loss of
export revenues."
33. In addition to supporting food intake through the ration basket, it is
recommended that additional funds be authorized to increase the production of
eggs and chickens through pilot projects designed by FAO and the Ministry of
Agriculture. At present, the Ministry of Trade's rationing system does not have
the capacity to distribute these commodities, so, with safeguards on pricing and
geographical coverage, it is proposed to use the market as the most appropriate
means of distribution. Although the start-up time for these projects is slower
than direct imports, they provide a more cost-effective and practical solution
to the problem of providing fresh meat to the population.
34. Notwithstanding efforts by the Government of Iraq to address some of the
needs of those most at risk of malnutrition outside the context of resolution
986 (1995), all available information from United Nations agency and programme
surveys indicates a continuing problem that is of very great concern indeed to
the Organization. I, therefore, consider it an essential requirement that,
within the overall food/nutrition strategy, needs requiring special inputs
should be met in the shortest possible time and in the most transparent manner.
Drawing on the work of United Nations agencies and programmes with those most at
risk of malnutrition in Iraq, the programme review has identified key weaknesses
in existing arrangements. The Iraqi authorities have only a limited capability
as regards the early identification of malnourished children; children
discharged from nutritional rehabilitation centres require supplementary feeding
to ensure continued recovery; those caring for children often have little
knowledge of proper nutrition practices; and the existing 1,489 community child-care units suffer from shortages of the supplementary foodstuffs needed for
moderately malnourished children.
Health
35. In the health sector, United Nations observation has established that
neither the current level of stocks nor quantities in the procurement pipeline
under the distribution plan are adequate. To prevent a recurrence of the
shortages reported by United Nations observers on a weekly basis, a further
substantial tranche of medicine and medical supplies is required. In order to
enhance the effectiveness of commodities provided under distribution plans I to
III, projects are proposed to improve the storage, transport and cold-chain
systems.
36. In the health sector, the programme review has identified as key
requirements the provision of a guaranteed power supply to hospitals and health
facilities and other essential hospital services such as water supply,
sanitation and waste disposal. As a result, it is proposed that hospitals be
rehabilitated at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Without such a
level of rehabilitation, the current deterioration in the hospital
infrastructure is likely to continue. Furthermore, assistance provided to
primary health-care units is essential to relieve pressure on the system as a
whole.
37. On the grounds of both equity and the rational use of resources, these
needs must be addressed in a more comprehensive and project-oriented manner than
has previously been done. In this context the implementation of these projects
will require, in addition to the provision and funding of labour and basic
construction materials by the Government of Iraq, the provision of training,
design and other consultancy services that cannot be easily managed without the
provision of funds to the United Nations agencies and programmes assisting the
Government of Iraq in these vital programmes.
Agriculture
38. In addition to the proposals for the enhanced production of eggs and
chickens, the range and quantity of foodstuffs is to be increased by special
assistance to fruit and vegetable production. A range of urgent measures are
required to safeguard other key aspects of livestock production. These include
the restoration of an adequate diagnostic and operational capability in the
veterinary service, without which a rational, targeted response to the problems
experienced in animal production cannot be undertaken. Additional resources are
requested to vaccinate and treat the main animal diseases prevalent in Iraq,
which in some cases constitute a threat not only to Iraq, but also to
neighbouring countries and for which few or no adequate protective or remedial
measures have been taken to date.
Water and sanitation
39. Urgent assistance is required over and above that provided in the
distribution plans to ensure the enhanced performance of water-treatment plants
and associated distribution and drainage networks. The latter will enable a
substantial amount of work to be undertaken that will reduce the loss of water
through leakage. Treatment chemicals for safe drinking-water will be provided
in an amount sufficient for one year's supply. Water quality and control will
be facilitated by the rehabilitation of an effective water-monitoring system.
In respect of sanitation, an improvement is envisaged by additional inputs to
sewage treatments, jetting vehicles and garbage-collection vehicles.
Education
40. Proposals include the rehabilitation of some 5,000 schools that require
major work but do not require complete reconstruction. This represents nearly
50 per cent of the whole school system. Priority measures will include the
provision of water and sanitation where required, as well as essential
structural work to improve the teaching and learning environment in order to
increase attendance. School supplies, including desks, blackboards and
education kits for pupils and teachers, will be provided.
41. While initial implementation of Security Council resolution 986 (1995) in
the governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah by the United Nations and its
agencies and programmes has been slow, commodities are beginning to arrive in
greater volume and activities on the ground are under way in all sectors. There
are early indications that the distribution of food since April 1997, coupled
with the initiation of a targeted supplementary feeding programme, has begun to
improve the poor nutritional status of the area's population. Since
November 1997, medicines have been arriving steadily in increasing quantities,
resulting in cautious optimism that continued regular deliveries will meet
immediate and future needs.
42. Notwithstanding progress in these two areas, the humanitarian situation in
the three northern governorates, as in the rest of Iraq, remains precarious,
requiring more attention in particular to the resettlement of the internally
displaced, to electricity, water and sanitation, and to agriculture. The
resources available for the electricity sector, even if commodities were to
arrive immediately, are insufficient to reverse the accelerating deterioration
and imminent collapse of electricity generation, transmission and distribution
from the Dokan and Derbendikan dams. In particular, the serious structural
damage to the dam in Derbendikan requires attention. Shortages in electricity
have a critical impact on virtually all other sectors, including hospitals and
pumps for water and sewerage, as well as irrigation.
43. A serious health hazard exists in the major centres of Dahuk, Erbil, and
Sulaymaniyah owing to the lack of proper garbage removal and inadequate water
treatment. As a result, the health of the towns' residents is at risk, as well
as those living downstream. The agricultural sector, which is of vital
importance for both nutrition and resettlement, continues to suffer from
declining yields as a result of monoculture and lack of pesticides, fertilizers
and spare parts for machinery. Only 23 out of 600 poultry farms remain in
operation and food processing is far below its original capacity. Although
inputs from ongoing distribution plans will assist in increasing the production
of cereal crops, a further allocation is required to improve local expertise and
to realize the sector's potential for redressing nutritional shortfalls in
animal proteins. A serious problem of deforestation must also be reversed in
order to preserve soils and to prevent silting up of hydroelectric and
irrigation systems.
44. A shortage of resources also slows progress in education, demining and
resettlement. A recent survey conducted by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization confirmed that 80 per cent of the
approximately 1,900 school buildings in the area suffer from serious structural
damage. The newly begun production of school desks continues to fall well short
of needs and funds for books and other instructional materials are limited. The
current demining programme, which relies on hand-clearance techniques, will be
capable of very limited progress in dealing with the landmines in the area,
estimated at well in excess of 10 million. Finally, it could take several years
at current expenditure rates to provide adequate housing and social services to
the approximately 650,000 displaced persons in the region.
45. Additional resources are proposed to redress the humanitarian shortfalls in
the governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah. Among priority proposals are
those which address the most urgent health needs by correcting water and
sanitation deficiencies in the three urban centres and by initiating a poultry
production programme to correct dietary deficiencies in animal proteins. Water
and sanitation projects include new water-treatment plants in Dahuk, Erbil and
Sulaymaniyah, and the provision of equipment for garbage removal and sanitary
landfill. The agricultural component includes an initial investment in
rehabilitating 250 small poultry farms, plus upgrading food preservation plants
and providing veterinary services and agricultural training. A recurring
additional expenditure is proposed for poultry feed, additional fertilizers and
pesticides, and a reforestation and range-management programme.
46. Provision of adequate electricity in the governorates of Erbil and
Sulaymaniyah relies in the first instance on the irrigation and power-generation
dams at Dahuk and Derbendikan. A recent technical mission sponsored by the
United Nations has determined that the danger of erosion and serious structural
damage at Derbendikan dam must be averted. In the electricity sector, the
proposed project will also permit repairs to the Dokan dam and the completion of
work on the Derbendikan dam, which remains unfinished since initial
construction. Once this first step has been completed, large subsequent
expenditures, roughly estimated at over $625 million, may be required to
refurbish generation, transmission and distribution systems and to restore
production to a level sufficient to meet the needs of the area. However, a
thorough strategic assessment of the existing state of the system in the area
must first be completed in order to identify the options available and to
replace the current "patchwork" approach with a sound, integrated and balanced
plan to meet the area's minimum energy needs. This assessment, which should
begin immediately, will examine system design, operation and maintenance,
protection, reliability and training. Upon completion of the strategic
assessment, sufficient information will be available to design and cost an
integrated set of subprojects to meet the area's essential electricity needs.
47. The project proposals include initiatives to bring implementation on the
ground into line with absorptive capacity. They include the experimental
introduction of a mechanical mine-clearance capacity for use in agricultural
areas and the local manufacture of more prostheses. With respect to education,
additional educational materials should be purchased and the earlier plan to
construct an additional 150,000 school desks should now be implemented, along
with the rehabilitation of an additional 500 primary and 200 secondary schools,
as well as of 20 centres for disadvantaged children. Other measures include the
rehabilitation of local printing presses and vehicles for social workers
assisting disadvantaged children. A small sum is allocated to extend the
nutrition-monitoring system from governorate to district level.
48. Every effort must be made to speed the rate at which the internally
displaced are better housed and supported. To that end, proposed activities are
based on an assessment of remaining construction capacity and an increased
involvement by non-governmental organizations. A modest sum has also been
incorporated into the shelter sector to allow a minimum level of maintenance of
associated infrastructure. This is required, especially in winter, to improve
both local planning and the timely delivery of humanitarian supplies and
services to remote areas. Finally, the project proposals include limited
additional activities for the food and nutrition and health and medicine
sectors, as the major needs in these areas are being addressed on a country-wide
basis.
49. I should like to reiterate that the distribution plan and its annexes
remain central to the entire system of procurement, approval and distribution of
humanitarian supplies. Accordingly, it is recommended that the content and
presentation of the distribution plan be significantly improved by providing,
inter alia, an indication of the priorities of the supplies requested as well as
their interrelationships, if any, within the context of a project or activity,
the required delivery dates, preferred points of entry and the targeted
objectives to be achieved. Currently, the distribution plan and its annexes
provide only a code for each commodity and the quantity required. The Office of
the Iraq Programme as well as the agencies and programmes of the United Nations
system stand ready to provide all assistance to the Government of Iraq in
formulating a more informative distribution plan.
50. The additional information contained in the distribution plan will
facilitate and expedite the processing of applications and the approval process
by the Security Council Committee. The Committee could review the distribution
plan and its annexes at the outset in order to allow members of the Committee to
identify any exceptions that they may wish to stipulate or any additional
information required in order to enable the Secretariat to address the issues,
in full consultation with the Government of Iraq and all others concerned.
51. In order to avoid the considerable and time-consuming efforts and
difficulties experienced in the preparation of the distribution plans under
phases I to III, as well as the corresponding administrative and operational
difficulties arising therefrom, there should be a single, ongoing distribution
plan, kept under constant review and amended as necessary.
52. As a result of the process review, I have decided to enhance the capacity
of the Office of the Iraq Programme in the timely processing of applications and
provision of support to the Security Council Committee. The Office should have
the required and appropriate staff resources, including the necessary support of
technical advisers.
53. I have also directed the Office of the Iraq Programme:
(a) Effective immediately, to process within two business days all
applications received that are in compliance with the procedures of the Security
Council Committee and consistent with the approved distribution plan or any
amendments thereto, in anticipation of availability of funds. Once applications
are approved, however, the approval letters should be released by the
Secretariat only after confirmation by the Controller that sufficient funds are
available;
(b) In full consultation with the Government of Iraq, the United Nations
Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq and the United Nations agencies
and programmes concerned, to provide to the Security Council Committee all
necessary information on priorities, interrelated and time-sensitive
applications, the required delivery dates, potential dual-usage items and spare
parts, and any additional information on applications with which the Committee
may wish to be provided;
(c) In consultation with all concerned, to utilize the United Nations
observers in Iraq in such a way as to provide the required assurances to the
Security Council Committee that all supplies authorized for procurement,
including potential dual-usage items and/or spare parts are indeed utilized for
the purpose for which they have been authorized;
(d) To ensure, in full cooperation with the Chairman of the Security
Council Committee and its secretariat, that approval letters by the Chairman of
the Committee are transmitted, provided that funds are available, within one
business day of the approval of an application by the Committee;
(e) To organize, with the participation of all concerned, briefings, as
necessary, for all interested representatives of the permanent and observer
missions to the United Nations, on the rules and procedures of the Security
Council Committee and the understandings reached by the Committee, as well as on
procedures on the preparation and submission of applications, and to provide any
assistance required by them, as appropriate;
(f) To organize also on a regular basis informal briefings for members of
the Security Council Committee informing them of the progress in the
implementation of the programme as well as any difficulties that may be
experienced in the process;
(g) To serve as a focal point for tracking and coordination of all
activities regarding the preparation and approval of the distribution plan,
revenue generation and allocation of funds, processing, circulation and approval
of applications, processing of letters of credit, procurement, delivery,
authentication and quality checks by the independent inspection agents at points
of entry, as well as the distribution of supplies in Iraq. The Office will be
supported, as appropriate, by a technical advisory team, to include, as
necessary, experts from agencies and programmes of the United Nations system;
(h) To establish a comprehensive integrated information system in order to
improve the timely provision to the Security Council and its Committee, all
Member States and others concerned of authoritative information on the progress
of each application through the whole process from contracting to distribution
of humanitarian supplies in Iraq and on the implementation of the programme,
with due caution being exercised in relation to proprietary commercial
information;
(i) To review the reporting procedures and submit to the Security Council
Committee for its consideration a revised format and calendar for submission of
reports in order to streamline and improve the focus of reporting on the
implementation of the programme and to contribute to the transparency of the
operations;
(j) To enhance the capacity of the independent inspection agents to
authenticate and provide quality control of the commodity flows expeditiously;
to ensure that they report to the Office of the Iraq Programme and to the United
Nations Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq the authentication of the
arrival of supplies within 24 hours; and to enhance their capacity to perform
quality tests within the shortest period technically possible, as well as to
perform quality tests inside Iraq;
(k) In full cooperation with the Department of Public Information, to
develop centrally and to disseminate on a regular basis information on the
objectives and progress in the implementation of the programme and its impact on
the humanitarian situation in Iraq. Information should also be provided on the
activities in Iraq of the agencies and programmes concerned;
(l) In full consultation with the United Nations Controller and all others
concerned, to review options and make the necessary adjustments to the current
procedure in order to expedite the reimbursements from the 13 per cent account
to the 53 per cent account for expenditures involved for bulk purchases of food
and medicine by the Government of Iraq for the governorates of Dahuk, Erbil and
Sulaymaniyah in the north;
(m) Working closely with the United Nations Controller, to prepare a plan
and identify the resources that will be required to complete the activities
whose implementation will extend beyond the duration of the programme itself.
54. As mentioned above, I have directed the United Nations Treasurer, in
consultation with all concerned, to address the concerns expressed regarding the
difficulties experienced under the current banking arrangements, including the
Government of Iraq, members of the Security Council Committee and the Banque
nationale de Paris, with a view to resolving the difficulties encountered and
concerns expressed, in particular with regard to the opening of letters of
credit.
55. In order further to expedite activities related to banking arrangements, I
should like to urge the Government of Iraq to deploy to New York a
representative of the Central Bank of Iraq, at the appropriate level.
Furthermore, in order to assure financial predictability, confidence and
stability, which are fundamental to the efficient implementation of the
programme, the Government is also urged to ensure the sale of oil at a steady
rate throughout the period authorized by the Council.
56. Agencies and programmes of the United Nations are urged to submit their
applications for procurement when most of the details of future contracts are
worked out with their suppliers in order to avoid submission of amendments to
their original applications.
57. I have been following with keen interest the review of its procedures
undertaken by the Security Council Committee pursuant to paragraph 9 of
resolution 1143 (1997). The Secretariat has been providing all necessary
support in this regard and I look forward to the recommendations and decisions
made by the Committee with a view to expediting the approval process.
58. The Committee may wish to consider the following measures in order to
expedite the approval process and contribute further to the timely arrival of
humanitarian supplies in Iraq:
(a) Subject to agreement on my recommendations concerning the format of
the distribution plan and while retaining the current flexibility in the
Committee's rules and procedures as well as understandings reached, the
Committee may wish to consider using required delivery dates for prioritizing
the consideration of applications;
(b) The Committee may wish to review annexes to the distribution plan(s)
at the outset in order to identify as early as possible those items which could
be subject to "holds" and those on which further information and end-use
verification are likely to be required;
(c) To consider and approve applications even in advance of the
availability of funds in the United Nations Iraq Account, on the understanding
that approval letters will be released by the Secretariat only after
confirmation by the Controller that sufficient funds are available in the
account;
(d) In order to expedite the processing of applications placed on hold,
the Committee may wish to reach an understanding that for items placed on hold,
written and explicit explanations should be provided within 24 hours in order to
enable the applicants to provide any additional information required;
(e) To be as flexible and pragmatic as possible in responding to
unforeseen developments, such as epidemics or natural disasters, for example,
the current screwworm epidemic threatening not only livestock in Iraq but in the
neighbouring countries as well;
(f) With a view to expediting the approval of applications, the Committee
may also wish to consider the possibility, within the context of its review at
the outset of the distribution plan and its annexes, of delegating approval
authority to the Secretariat, utilizing its technical experts, for items such as
food and routine medicine and health supplies, subject to the provision that
such applications are in full compliance with the approved distribution plan and
its annexes, both in terms of quality and quantity, as well as subject to
guidelines and points of understanding elaborated by the Committee.
59. It is recommended that the Security Council, bearing in mind that the
preparation of a separate distribution plan for each phase has involved
tremendous and time-consuming efforts by all concerned, contributing to
unacceptable disruptions in programme implementation, consider granting
authorization for the programme to be implemented on the basis of an ongoing
distribution plan that could be amended as necessary.
60. The Council may also wish to appeal to all States to cooperate in the
timely submission of applications to the Secretariat and the expeditious
issuance of export licences, to facilitate the transit of humanitarian supplies
authorized by the Security Council Committee and to take all other appropriate
measures within their competence in order to ensure that urgently required
humanitarian supplies reach the Iraqi people as rapidly as possible.
61. With regard to the electricity sector, I have already drawn the Security
Council's attention to the extreme gravity of the situation and its accelerating
decline with potentially disastrous consequences. This matter would require
separate consideration by the Council. As regards the northern governorates of
Dahuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, I have given UNDP the task of undertaking, as a
matter of the utmost urgency, a survey to outline a strategy and identify
essential priority measures and their cost. Following that evaluation, in full
consultation with the Government of Iraq, I intend to return to the Council with
proposals for appropriate funding. With regard to the situation in central and
southern Iraq, the rate of deterioration is believed to be as serious. I
reiterate my serious concern as to the potential consequences of a breakdown of
the network and its attendant humanitarian consequences. It is therefore, all
the more important that this situation receive the full attention and combined
expertise of both the Iraqi authorities and United Nations experts in order for
priorities within the Government's strategy to be quickly determined and costed.
This review should specify projects that need to be undertaken immediately, as
well as those which can only be taken in the medium or longer term. I encourage
the Government of Iraq to present an appropriate programme to the Council for
funding upon completion of the evaluation.
62. Based on the results of the programme review, I also recommend that additional resources be targeted to support community childcare units, nutritional rehabilitation centres and primary health centres, which are already involved in treating severe to moderate malnutrition through growth monitoring, education of mothers, provision of therapeutic milk to children in the centres and supplementary food for the child and family. In particular, the community childcare system should be expanded with the establishment of a further 1,500 centres. I also recommend that supplementary food be provided for a minimum target population of 1,904,000, comprised of chronically malnourished children under five years of age, pregnant women or lactating mothers, internal displaced persons, returnees and hospital in-patients.
63. As previously indicated, subject to approval by the Security Council of
additional funding, all of the recommendations will require detailed discussion
with the Government of Iraq and local authority counterparts in order to clarify
outstanding issues and to establish a clear agreement on priorities. Following
this, the Government should present a detailed submission in line with the
approach and format of the project proposals.
64. In the programme review, an effort was made to respond to the most
immediate needs identified with regard to inadequate nutritional levels and
shortages of medicine and medical supplies. Also, measures were identified to
increase the efficiency of distribution systems and to halt the continuing
deterioration in infrastructure in all sectors because of the direct and
indirect impact on the health and nutritional status of the population. The
review provided an opportunity to examine the results of nearly one year's
observation in all sectors and to identify remedial measures, within the
framework of resolution 986 (1995), which, in the opinion of United Nations
agencies and programmes, ought to be taken in response to the manifest hardship
experienced by the Iraqi population. As a result, the proposed sectoral
projects reflect the magnitude of the problems faced today in Iraq. This has an
inevitable financial implication, which is shown in the total allocation
required to meet those humanitarian needs. The framework of paragraph 8 of
resolution 986 (1995) has also necessarily been taken into account when reaching
the total figure proposed. Although the amount proposed may be considered a
very substantial addition to funds already authorized, it should be noted that
it does not begin to address the major problems affecting the electricity sector
throughout the country.
65. The scale of increased resources needed obviously raises questions
concerning how this revenue target will be achieved. I am mindful that the
programme review focused exclusively on the humanitarian requirements and
therefore did not tie its recommendations to a notional oil-pumping capacity,
which could not be verified. Subject to the Council's approval of the enhanced
programme, discussions will commence with the Government of Iraq, both on the
programme and on the modalities of raising the funds required over a 180-day
period, which will be determined to a large extent by Iraq's capacity to produce
and export oil. To make the most effective use of resources in the shortest
possible time, the United Nations invites the Government of Iraq to discuss its
envisaged strategy to redress the serious nutritional situation. We would
expect those consultations to identify a balanced allocation of resources
between the food basket, immediate targeted distribution to those most at risk
and enhanced food production. With respect to the other sectors where projects,
though urgent, are not tied to regular distribution in the same way as the food
and nutrition sector, the United Nations invites the Government of Iraq to come
forward with an implementation time-frame that will explain the relative
priority and expected completion dates of activities.
66. The programme review has sought to identify essential humanitarian
requirements that have not been met to date and to ensure a more effective
implementation of the distribution plan. The current level of funding
authorized under resolution 986 (1995) provides for the sale of $2 billion worth
of petroleum and petroleum products, of which $1.32 billion is available for the
purchase of humanitarian goods. Since the start of implementation of resolution
986 (1995), it has become increasingly apparent that this sum is inadequate to
prevent further deterioration in humanitarian conditions and cannot effect the
improvement in the health and nutritional status of the Iraqi population the
Council hoped for when it unanimously adopted the measure. Therefore, in the
light of the detailed recommendations from the programme review, I am convinced
that expanded assistance is urgently required to address the humanitarian
situation in Iraq and that, within the framework of resolution 986 (1995), the
provision of additional resources in a targeted manner is the most effective way
of addressing those needs at the present time. Should the Council approve this
recommendation, the level of additional resources - over and above the
$1.32 billion provided under the current arrangements - required to meet the
priority, interlinked proposals listed in annex II would amount to
$2,115,570,590, of which $1,017,556,990 and $1,098,013,600 will be allocated,
respectively, to recurrent and non-recurrent expenditures. Should the Council
approve the recommendations, the total cost of the humanitarian programme
undertaken under resolution 986 (1995) would be $3,550,792,276. This does not
take into account the provisions of paragraph 8 of resolution 986 (1995), under
which 30 per cent of the total proceeds are allowed for the Compensation Fund.
Consequently, the application of paragraph 8 would require the production of an
additional amount of $1,655,648,012 worth of oil, including $1,561,932,086 for
the Compensation Fund, bringing the total to $5,206,440,288 (see annex I).
67. In conclusion, I should like to emphasize the following, as I did in my
previous report. In implementing the programme to meet the humanitarian needs
of the Iraqi people, we must remember the human dimension. I therefore urge the
Security Council to bear this in mind in reviewing the observations and
recommendations contained in the present report.
Sector | Current
distribution plan IIIa allocation |
Additional
allocation |
Distribution
plan III + additional allocation |
Food/nutrition | 916 010 000 | 618 801 990 | |
Health | 210 000 000 | 566 760 000 | |
Agriculture | 50 000 000 | 352 108 100 | |
Water and sanitation | 44 170 000 | 321 000 000 | |
Education | 27 000 000 | 140 220 500 | |
Resettlement | 11 000 000 | 30 000 000 | |
Demining | 1 000 000 | 10 180 000 | |
Electricity | 61 500 000 | 76 500 000 | |
Total, 53 per cent + 13 per centb | 1 320 680 000 | 2 115 570 590 | 3 436 250 590 |
Total, 2.2 per centb | 44 022 667 | 70 519 020c | 114 541 686c |
Total humanitarian allocation | 1 364 702 667 | 2 186 089 610 | 3 550 792 276 |
Revenue required to meet the total allocation in accordance with paragraph 8 of Security Council resolution 986 (1995) | 2 001 030 303 | 3 205 409 985 | 5 206 440 288 |
a Distribution plan III was submitted by the Government of Iraq in
accordance with Security Council resolution 986 (1995) and the memorandum of
understanding and approved by the Secretary-General on 5 January 1998.
b The 53 per cent, 13 per cent and 2.2 per cent figures are in accordance
with paragraph 8 of resolution 986 (1995).
c While the 2.2 per cent allocation stipulated in resolution 986 (1995) has
been maintained for the purpose of the present annex, every effort will be made
to minimize actual costs.
Sector | Project outline | Estimated cost
(United States dollars) |
Food/nutrition | Food basketa | |
1. Enhancement of the resolution 986 (1995) food basket. | 527 283 870 | |
Nutrition | ||
2. Early identification and rehabilitation of malnourished children. | ||
3. Supplementary feeding programme for those most at risk of malnutrition. | ||
4. Emergency nutrition information system. | ||
5. Laboratory equipment (3 northern governorates). | ||
6. Nutrition information system (3 northern governorates) | ||
Subtotal | 91 518 120 | |
Total allocation | 618 801 990 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 617 901 990 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 900 000 | |
Estimated delivery time of goods: 4 months. | ||
Estimated implementation time: 8 months. | ||
Health | 1. Emergency provision of medicines and medical supplies. | |
2. Rehabilitation of the drug distribution system. | ||
3. Rehabilitation of the primary health-care system. | ||
4. Rehabilitation of secondary care hospitals. | ||
5. Rehabilitation of tertiary care hospitals. | ||
6. Rehabilitation of primary health care (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 566 760 000 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 117 320 000 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 449 440 000 | |
Estimated delivery time of goods: 6-8 months. | ||
Agriculture | 1. Emergency rehabilitation of the veterinary distribution cold chain. | |
2. Emergency performance enhancement of the State Veterinary Department. | ||
3. Old World screwworm surveillance and control. | ||
4. Livestock vaccination campaigns. | ||
5. Brucellosis-tuberculosis surveillance and control. | ||
6. Reactivation of small-scale broiler farm production. | ||
7. Reactivation of large-scale table egg production. | ||
8. Enhancement of small-scale rural vegetable production. | ||
9. Enhancement of small-scale rural fruit production. | ||
10. Rehabilitation of veterinary centres (3 northern governorates). | ||
11. Rehabilitation of agricultural centres (3 northern governorates). | ||
12. Revival of small-scale poultry production (3 northern governorates). | ||
13. Reafforestation (3 northern governorates). | ||
14. Agricultural chemicals (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 352 108 100 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 209 085 000 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 143 023 100 | |
Estimated delivery time of goods: 2 weeks-4 months. | ||
Lead time for availability of produce: 3-12 months. | ||
Water and sanitation | 1. Enhancement of water- and sewage-treatment plants. | |
2. Enhancement of the water distribution and disposal network. | ||
3. Provision of water-treatment chemicals for drinking-water security. | ||
4. Overhaul of existing water and sanitation service vehicles. | ||
5. Enhancement of the existing monitoring system. | ||
6. Enhancement of sanitation systems (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 321 000 000 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 16 000 000 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 305 000 000 | |
Estimated delivery time of goods: 8 months. | ||
Estimated implementation time: 4-12 months. | ||
Education | 1. Emergency rehabilitation of schools. | |
2. Provision of classroom items. | ||
3. Provision of essential supplies. | ||
4. Rehabilitation of printing presses. | ||
5. Rehabilitation of schools (3 northern governorates). | ||
6. Rehabilitation of childcare institutions (3 northern governorates). | ||
7. Provision of educational supplies (3 northern governorates). | ||
8. Rehabilitation of printing presses (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 140 220 500 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 48 250 000 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 91 970 500 | |
Estimated delivery time of goods: 3-6 months. | ||
Estimated implementation time: 1 year. | ||
Resettlement | Shelter rehabilitation (3 northern governorates). | |
Total allocation | 30 000 000 | |
Of which: | ||
Non-recurrent costs | 30 000 000 | |
Estimated delivery time and implementation period: 1 year. | ||
Demining | 1. Mine clearance through rental of equipment (3 northern governorates). | |
2. Support to victims of landmines (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 10 180 000 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 9 000 000 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 1 180 000 | |
Estimated delivery time and implementation period: 1 year. | ||
Electricity | 1. Structural repair of dams (3 northern governorates). | |
2. Rehabilitation of generating units (3 northern governorates). | ||
3. Network capacity survey (3 northern governorates). | ||
Total allocation | 76 500 000 | |
Of which: | ||
Non-recurrent costs | 76 500 000 | |
Estimated delivery time and implementation period: 1 year. | ||
Total | 2 115 570 590 | |
Of which: | ||
Recurrent costs | 1 017 556 990 | |
Non-recurrent costs | 1 098 013 600 | |
a The total cost of the food basket envisaged would amount to
$1,397,293,870 over a six-month period.